Cargo Damage and Liability Problems in Multi Modal Transport

Abstract

This paper addresses the concept, definition, and history of multi-modal transport, accounting for the impact of containerisation. Other topics covered in the paper include patterns of multi-modal transport (such as the types of maritime multi-modal operations, and the cargo involved), cargo handling and damage through various means, the role of marine surveyors, documentation problems with multi-modal bills of lading, freight forwarding, and other special problems (such as maritime fraud, and issues with the leasing or ownership of containers). Relevant case examples are provided throughout. The authors also offer predictions as to future developments in multi-modal transport, particularly the impacts of the Hamburg Rules and UN Convention on International Multi-Modal Transport of Goods.